Private Law
Mohammed Hussain Shahbazi; meysam akbari; hani hajian
Abstract
Non- profit damage is one of the complex and controversial issues in Iran's legal system that disputes arise from Note 2 of Article 515 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1379; The enactment of the Criminal Procedure Code of1392,which in Article 14 and Note 2,there are changes compared to the previous law,Not ...
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Non- profit damage is one of the complex and controversial issues in Iran's legal system that disputes arise from Note 2 of Article 515 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1379; The enactment of the Criminal Procedure Code of1392,which in Article 14 and Note 2,there are changes compared to the previous law,Not only has it not removed the ambiguity, but it has added to it.In order to remove the existing ambiguities,first of all, non-profit Must be analyzed in jurisprudence And with a new perspective on the concept of property,benefit and profit, we must examine the issue that the damage to non-profit(profit)is guaranteed?Is it a non-profit property that is wasted?Why in Note2to Article14, is the only loss of possible benefits guaranteed?This research examines these issues with a library tool and with a descriptive-analytical method.Using the available data, property can be divided into1-identical 2- benefit 3-potential benefit 4-imaginary benefit and assumed the properties that are in the property of individuals in four forms:1- existing,2- potentially existing; in the view of actual custom, 3- potentially existing; and in the view of extinct custom,4- extinct.Non-profit or the same profit in the sense of fictitious benefit of property is not assumed and therefore, can't be claimed. On the other hand, loss of potential benefit and benefit, in the case of existing potential benefit, in the case of extinct custom in terms of non-validity of property, Does not create a guarantee, and in the case of existing potential benefit (in the view of actual custom), in the sense that custom's property applies to the guarantee. Note2:Article 14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeks to express the possibility of losing the existing potential benefit and in the view of actual custom, and mentioning the loss as a means of guarantee is included in the prevailing case.
Private Law
Seyyed Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad; hani hajian
Abstract
By passing Article 729 of Civil Procedure Code of 1318, term of “Civil Penalty” was entered in Iranian legal system which of course it is an adaptation from "Astrant" –a legal entity -in French legal system. By passing Civil Procedure Code of 1379 and because of its changes and modifications ...
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By passing Article 729 of Civil Procedure Code of 1318, term of “Civil Penalty” was entered in Iranian legal system which of course it is an adaptation from "Astrant" –a legal entity -in French legal system. By passing Civil Procedure Code of 1379 and because of its changes and modifications that was without an article like Ex 729, some believed in Legally abrogation of such a legal entity from the Iranian legal system while the others think according to the note of Article 47 of the Law on Enforcement of Judgments, this entity still exists in our law. Notwithstanding about mentioned dispute, recently the legislature in some rules such as Note 1 to the repeated article 10 of The Rule of Ownership of Apartments and article 21 of The Rule of Execution of Financial Sentences has set kind of fine that is similar to “civil penalty”. Thus, here we intend generally to study Islamic and Iranian legal systems to determine; whether the entity of “civil penalty” is against Sharia law or not and what it is its nature? Or could we identify it as a general theory? Method which used in this research, was a descriptive-analytical typical (by using libraries facilities, to investigate the answer of these questions) and outcome shows: “civil penalty” is compatible with sharia and sort of punishment that we call it “Taazirat” and we could identify it as a general theory and by the way it is similar to “punitive damages” in English law and also more functional than that entity. So if we pass it as a rule in our legislation, it can help lots of issues of civil law.